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Foundations · Lesson 3 of 8

Implied Probability

What probability does a price require me to believe?

Beginner6 min read

The conversion

implied = 1 / decimal
implied(+150) = 100 / 250 = 40.0%
implied(−150) = 150 / 250 = 60.0%
0%25%50%75%100%-400-200-100+100+200+400-200 → 66.7%-110 → 52.4%+100 → 50.0%+150 → 40.0%+300 → 25.0%
Implied probability by American price. The curve jumps across ±100 because American odds skip the range between them: −100 and +100 are the same price.

Read the curve left to right: heavier favourites (−200, −400) require much higher probabilities, and each extra 100 on a long shot buys less and less probability.

What "implied" does and does not mean

Implied probability is the break-even rate of the price — what you would need to believe to call it fair. It is not the book's honest estimate of the truth, because it still contains the vig. Removing the vig gives a closer estimate of what the market actually believes; see Vig & fair odds.

Why it matters

Model outputs — a PBE probability, a simulation share, a Fight Model win probability — are already probabilities. Converting the price to a probability puts both numbers in the same unit so they can be compared.

Comparing a model probability with a price

Worked example · model vs price
  1. A model gives a batter a 30% chance to homer.
  2. The offered price is +280: implied = 100 / 380 = 26.3%.
  3. The gap is 3.7% points in the model's favour — if the model's 30% is right.
The gap is a hypothesis about the model's accuracy, not a fact. How uncertain is 30%?
Limitations

A 4-point gap sounds large, but a model probability of 30% can easily carry ±3–5 points of uncertainty. The EV calculator lets you enter that uncertainty and see whether the edge survives it.